Justice is a core idea in human thought and has always been the subject of philosophical, religious, and

Justice; Rational or Mystical Autonomy, a Comparative Study of Maulana Justice is a central concept in the history of human thought, always a focal point of philosophical, religious, and mystical contemplation. A clear understanding of it is a prerequisite for the ethical and social order in any society. This research, employing a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative approach, examines the concept of justice in two distinct intellectual systems: the thought of John Rawls, a prominent twentieth-century political philosopher with a rational and contractual approach, and the thought of Mawlana Jalal al-Din Balkhi, a renowned mystic and thinker of Islamic civilization with a theological and intuitive approach. Despite these fundamental differences, the findings of the study indicate that both perspectives align on the key principles of justice: emphasizing the distribution of resources and rewards based on merit and performance rather than hereditary status; justifying inequalities only if they serve the benefit of the entire system; prioritizing qualitative and impactful evaluation over quantitative and superficial criteria; and establishing a connection between the efficiency of the system and moral fairness. This research demonstrates that meaningful common ground can be found between these two intellectual traditions, on a practical level, for designing just systems.