This study seeks to further understand Sādegh Hedāyat’s The Blind Owl through a psychoanalytic approach, while conducting a comparative analysis with the film The Number 23. One significant tendency in contemporary art, particularly in literature and cinema, is the representation of psychological trauma and the exploration of pathological mental states in humans. The consequences of the two world wars on human consciousness, the effects of modern urban life, the decline of traditional meaning-making systems, the influence of new thoughts and philosophies, and especially advances in psychology and psychoanalysis, are among the most important factors in the inclination of literature and cinema toward depicting pathological human conditions. In Persian literature, Sādegh Hedāyat is one of the first authors to reflect psychological abnormalities in his stories. His short story "Three Drops of Blood" takes place entirely in an asylum, and its characters are psychotic. However, the narration of the psychosis of the narrator in The Blind Owl is more artistic and concealed. This research attempts to examine an aspect of the narrator's psychosis in The Blind Owl that brings him close to paranoia. On the other hand, the film The Number 23, which is also a cinematic narrative of paranoia, shares numerous similarities with The Blind Owl; to the extent that a comparative connection can be established and studied between these two artistic works. In short, this study will examine the artistic narrative of paranoia through a comparative analysis of two prominent works in literature and cinema.