This study engages with postcolonial criticism—one of the most prominent fields in contemporary scholarship—which examines the cultures of developing nations with a focus on the relationship between culture and imperialism after the end of Western colonial rule. The importance of this field lies in the fact that cultural imperialism has profoundly influenced the identities and ways of life of people across the globe. Ghada al‑Samman in modern Arabic poetry and Tahereh Saffarzadeh in contemporary Persian literature are among the poets who have explored postcolonial concepts and cultural imperialism in their works. They have addressed the colonial role of Western powers in the twentieth century and after World War II, commonly referred to as the age of cultural imperialism or the postcolonial period, in their countries or other developing societies. Using a qualitative research design and a descriptive–analytical method grounded in library sources, the present study aims to analyze and compare the poetry of these two writers from the perspective of comparative criticism and within the frameworks of postcolonial theory and cultural imperialism. The findings indicate that themes such as Western domination and Eastern subjugation, puppet regimes as instruments of colonialism, racism and othering, Western cultural and media hegemony, attachment to indigenous culture, and resistance to cultural assimilation constitute shared foundations in the poetry of these anti-colonial poets. Nevertheless, despite these commonalities, differences also emerge in their modes of expression and intellectual orientations. Moreover, their national, global, and religious perspectives reveal divergent approaches in the horizons of their thought.