تأثیر فرهنگ فارسی بر ادبیات عرب با درنگی در شعوبی‌گری ابن یسار

Abstract:
Abstract

Introduction

There are countless ways to transmit the culture and literature of Iran in the Arabic language and literature; among these, we can mention the role of Arab-Iranian poets such as Ismail ibn Yasar, who played an important role in transmitting Iranian culture to Arab literature with his popularist policies and tricks; by boasting about his Kasravi ancestors and listing the honors of Iranian culture, such as respect for women's rights, he was able to reveal the influence of Iranian culture in the form of wisdom and proverbs; in addition, Ibn Yasar, with his frankness of expression and aggressive tone, achieved his intended goal, which was to highlight the presence of Iranian culture in the structure of the Arabic language and literature. This essay has attempted to point out the influence of Iranian culture on the Arabic language and literature, as well as the richness of Iranian culture, by analyzing Ibn Yasar's Divan and focusing on the poems of Shoubiah, by analyzing them. In this way, the role of Ibn Yasar's Shoubiah was not merely explanatory, but rather had a measurable cognitive and linguistic function that resulted in the addition of vocabulary from Iranian to Arabic, the alignment of Iranian moral and social concepts with Arabic texts, and the manifestation of the presence of Iranian culture in the form of words such as: Zaryab, Kasra, Taj, Aswar (rider) and Marazbeh (border guards) that are not common in the Arabic language. It has also added concepts such as: the ritual of friendship and kindness, the certainty of death, loyalty, etc., which ultimately opened up new possibilities for the Arabic language. From the beginning of Islam until the end of the rule of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, due to the colorful religious teachings in the heart of society, issues such as race, nationality, color, etc. it is not very important among Muslims. With the change in the course of the Islamic Caliphate and the rise to power of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs, as well as the further expansion of the caliphate's territory and new conquests, which resulted in the gathering of different colors, races, and nations under one rule, the Arabs gradually became a minority. The Umayyads, through their extensive propaganda, contrary to religious texts and the beliefs of religious leaders, convinced the people of the community that Arabs were superior to non-Arabs. As a result of this practice, we witness the appearance of titles such as Mawli, Ajam, Raqiq, and Abd in Arabic culture and literature. One of the factors that mixed the two Iranian and Arabic cultures was the law of welaa; according to this Arabic tradition, a foreigner could Arabize his non-Arab identity under certain conditions in order to enjoy the support of the Arab tribes.
 

Methodology

This research, by studying Ibn Yasar's poems and focusing on the poems of Shu'ubiah, and relying on the descriptive-analytical method, tries to answer the question of how Iranians in general and Ibn Yasar in particular were able to provide the means for the influence of the Persian language and literature on the Arabic language and literature by learning the Arabic language, serving it, and adhering to the political trends of their time?
 

Discussion

In the meantime, tribes such as the Iranians were able to influence the Arabic language and literature through cultural influence. Ibn Yasar al-Nesai was among the poets who was proud of being Iranian and was very fanatical about it; So much so that one day, while serving Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik in the city of Rusafa, next to an open pool, he boasted of his Iranian descent in a beautiful piece and so angered the Caliph that the Caliph ordered him to be drowned and then exiled to the Hijaz. By learning the Arabic language and relying on Iranian culture, he was able to express his intended concepts in the form of words; concepts such as the wisdom of his people, which is reflected in the dress of proverbs, or the respect for women's rights, which had no place in Arab culture before Islam, he brought to the Arabs' attention.
 

Conclusion

In searching for the intellectual sources of Iranian Arab-speaking speakers and poets, valuable golden veins of Iranian thought, thought, and wisdom can be found, which indicate the pioneering role of Iranians in culture and literature. Ibn Yasar, as one of the Iranians who adopted Arabic as the official language of his era in composing poems, with his bias towards his homeland, was able to consciously contribute to the transmission of this valuable culture in various ways, including the use of Persian words, ruling themes arising from Iranian culture, and themes in the form of proverbs, and of course, in order to achieve his main goal, which is to be proud of his Iranian race and to influence Arabic literature. Ibn Yasar and Iranians in his class significantly increased the vocabulary with Iranian roots in popularist texts, and this increase was accompanied by a semantic openness in Arabic texts. Iranian moral and social concepts have been represented in the form of Arabic equivalents through the methods of popularism and have helped to strengthen the conceptual harmony between the two cultures. On the other hand, the political actions of the time have played a role as a facilitating factor in the selection of Iranian words and images in Arabic. Finally, it is noted that the point of distinction between Ibn Yasar's poems and other poets is his excessive prejudice against the non-Arabs and their superiority over the Arabs, and his courage in expressing his opinions even in the presence of the Umayyad Caliph.