The Quality of Representation of Basic Needs in the Feminine Poetry of Forough Farrokhzad and Kajal Ahmad: An Integrative Reading Based on Glasser's Choice Theory

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Candidate in Persian Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

10.22103/jcl.2024.24377.3796

Abstract

The representation of connotations based on Glasser's five basic needs in the poetry of Forough Farrokhzad and Kajal Ahmad delineates a desirable world that transcends individual needs. This study, through a descriptive-analytical approach and qualitative method, applies Glasser's Choice Theory as an interpretive foundation to examine the poetry of Farrokhzad and Ahmad. It seeks to analyze the relationship between their expressive connotations and their ideal worldviews concerning beliefs, identity, and discourse, highlighting the manifestation of basic needs in their feminine expressions. Findings indicate, first, that the poets' ideal world is constructed through three main components—individuals, objects, and beliefs—shaped predominantly in opposition to patriarchal discourses and rooted in protest against certain social norms and constraints. Second, the central tenet and foremost quality of the ideal world of Farrokhzad and Ahmad is the need for love and belonging, which is intrinsically tied to the critical and oppositional aspects of their poetry. This need represents their preferred choice in striving for freedom, power, and survival within a society that challenges female identity.

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Journal of Comparative Literature

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 30 December 2024

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