Hypertextuality relations between the play “Sacrifice Assembly Sennemar” by Bahram Baizai and “Minali’s reward” by Majid Al-Khatib with the story “Semnar and Building Khowarnaq” in Nizami’s “The Seven Beauties”

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. in Arabic Language and Literature, , Kermanshah, Iran

2 Professor in Arabic Language and Literature, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

3 Assistant Professor in Persian Language and Literature, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University , Islamabad Gharb Branch, Kermanshah, Iran

10.22103/jcl.2024.24142.3782

Abstract

Introduction

The issue of the quality of relationships, in discovering and understanding exchanges between narratives is one of the inevitable axes of the theory of intertextuality in narrative experience, as it has become one of the foundations of narratology. One of the internarrative relations, which may be formed within a cultural system or in an intercultural system, is hypertextuality, which is the main core of Gennett's theory. In this way, it becomes possible to examine how the presences of one text from another text according to Genette’s theory. Trying to understand the writing experience of Persian and Arabic playwrights and reflecting on the ways of linking them with the underlying texts is important In this regard, narrative ratio of the plays “Sacrifice Assembly Sennemar” by Baizai and “Minali’s reward” by Majid Al-Khatib as “subtext” with the story of “Semnar and building Khowarnaq” mentioned in “The Seven Beauties” by Nizami, “as pretext or hypotext” is evident.
 

Methodology

This descriptive-comparative study aims to examine the function of qualitative, transtextuality elements or “paranarray elements”, in Baizai's play and Al-Khatib's play as hypertext and their relationships with Nizami’s poem, in The Seven Beauties as hypotext, on Genette’s theory of transtextuality. According to Genette transtextuality is formed when two texts have the same element or elements. The presence of one element of one text in another text or the presence of several elements of one text in another text or the presence of several elements of several texts in a specific text.
 

Discussion

The obtained results show that Baizai and Al-Khatib's insight into the story of Sennemar and the Building of Khowarnaq is a reflection of the adaptation. Qualitative, transtextual elements such as motivation, value, personality, use of myth, characters’ nationality in both Persian and Arabic plays, in comparison with Nizami’s poem, in order to produce and reproduce the narrative, are found in the narrative approaches of both playwrights.
 

Conclusion

Using para-narray elements in Baizai's play is adapted to reflect the relations of collective and intellectual identification in Iranian society and in Al-Khatib's play to the current issues and the suffering of Iraqi society, furthermore, the power of fertility and narrative reproduction in order to produce a lasting narrative in Baizai’s play which is mostly mixed with historical analysis and the creation of psychological scenes, is more effective than Al-Khatib's work. Both authors employed deconstructed language to reinterpret Senemmar’s story by expanding the narrative. Additionally, they explore the conceptual distinctions underlying their plays through diverse approaches.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Comparative Literature
Volume 16, Issue 31
Current Issue
February 2025
Pages 67-87

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