Comparative Analysis of Harry Potter and Dasht-e-Parsova According to Genre Intertextuality lity

In Genet's view, literary works do not have their own independent existence and are related to previous texts.
Abstract

Introduction

Intertextuality is an approach that examines the effectiveness of the text in other texts. it is particularly important in the examination of texts and determines how much a genre has mixed with other genres and how much has been created creatively? In the analysis of genres according to Genette theory, "it can be said that the main issue is the predominance of imitation or change aspect, so in the first stage, the amount of imitation or change is of interest, and after that, the type and quality of transformation are discussed. In other words, what has changed and what has been imitated." (Namvarmatlaq,  2013: 147)
Genette has divided the transtextual relations into five basic forms: 1- Intertextuality 2- Paratextuality 3- Metatextuality 4- Architextuality 5- Hypertextuality. Namvar Motlatq,2011: 434). Genres can be combined, and each genre can include subgenres. Sometimes new genres are created from their combination. In contemporary genre theory, this issue has been called "Literary Types Interaction". This attitude refers to the fact that "there is no pure genre; For example, in a novel, it can appear in different genres such as plays, ghazals, and odes." (Wediji, 2014: 281). One of these genres is fantasy in which can be seen different literary genres. This genre arose in the late 19 century in the West. Harry Potter is one of the famous examples of this genre, after its publication, many works have been published in different countries. Fantasy works have been written also in Iran. One of them is the Dasht-e Parsova collection, the first volume of which - Hume Sokoot - has been recorded in the Black Crow list as one of the top two hundred works in 2017.
 
Since in the intertextual analysis of the genre, we identify the genres in a text by using architextuality, and by using hypertextuality, we analyze the amount of changes in the text. In this research we have tried to answer these followig questions: Which genre has represented in Azizi's fantasy? Does the author's work have its own characteristics? Is it an imitation of previous literary texts like Harry Potter? What are the similarities and differences between this work and Harry Potter?
 

Methodology

It is a comparative-analytical research method to investigate the intertextuality of genre in Harry Potter and Dasht-e-Parsova.
 

Discussion

According to Razmjo, genre theory is an attempt to divide various literary topics according to the appearance or formats in which the topics have created and composed with their own special characteristics and rules. (Ref: Razmjo, 1374:10). Frow defines genre as "the organization of texts according to the thematic, rhetorical and morphological dimensions" and subgenre as "becoming more specific of a genre according to specific theme" (Frow, 2005: 67). Intertextuality is a very important method in identifying the relationship of the text with other texts. Genet has also mentioned genre in explaining intertextual relationships; He introduces five categories of factors that play a role in accepting and receiving texts, among which "two types of Architextualie and hypertextuality are related to the issue of genre." (Vaezzadeh et al., 2013: 98)
For this reason, by examining these two methods, we will identify literary types in Harry Potter and Dasht-e-Parsova:

A) Architextualite

In Architextualite, the longitudinal relationship between a work and the genre to which the work belongs to it is examined. According to Genet, in the main text, "we have the genres, with their determinations that we’ve already glimpsed: thematic, modal, formal, and other" (Genette, 1992: 82) as mentioned in this way, the connection that a text establishes with the texts before it is through genre. In this way, the later text uses the literary type of the previous text and sometimes it includes different types and achieves a new type.

B) Hypertextity

Another intertextual relationship that leads to the recognition of genres is hypertextuality. Hypertextuality examines the way of reproduction and expansion of the text more than other genres of transtextual relations. Hypertextuality "means the placement of the text in a totality of texts and especially the knowledge of literary genres" (Ahmadi, 2018: 321). According to Genet, hypertextuality employs two methods of imitation and transformation. The purpose of sameness is to keep text A in text B without the slightest change and with a little creativity, and one of its functions is to stick different texts together without the slightest change. If the author's goal is to change a lot in the text A, "transformation" has been done, and if the goal has only a little overlap, then "imitation" has been formed. (Genette, 1997: 92-91(
 
4.Conclusion
The present research investigated the genre in Dasht-e-parsova and Harry Potter series with an intertextual approach in order to determine the level of creativity and imitation of the Iranian author according to this research, the author has connected with the pervious text by using Architextualite and different genres such as fantasy. Oral tradition, myth, legend, riddle, romantic genre has been used in his work with architextualite. He has introduced these genres into his text by using architextualite and has given it special characteristics by using hypertextuality. Azizi, by following the modern story writing in the space and plot of the story, has created changes that have caused innovation in the story and made it different from Harry Potter.
The author has also benefited from tragedy as a genre in his story to influence the audience, and the genre is not seen in the Rowling story. In general, Azizi, though in the entry of literary genres in his text, has benefited from Rowling's work; but by using the hypertextuality, he has introduced his national culture into his work and has distinguished it from its western sample.
The present research investigated the genre in Dasht-e-parsova and Harry Potter series with an intertextual approach in order to determine the level of creativity and imitation of the Iranian author according to this research, the author has connected with the pervious text by using architextualite and different genres such as fantasy. Oral tradition, myth, legend, riddle, romantic genre has used in his work with architextualite. He has introduced these genres into his text by using architextualite and has given it special characteristics by using hypertextuality. Azizi, by following the modern story writing in the space and plot of the story, has created changes that have caused innovation in the story and made it different from Harry Potter.
The author has also benefited from tragedy as a genre in his story to influence the audience, and the genre does not seen in the Rowling story. In general, Azizi, though in the entry of literary genres in his text, has benefited from Rowling's work; but using the hypertextuality, it has introduced his national culture into its work and has distinguished it from its western sample.